Core: inner core solid, iorn; outer core liquid,
Mantle: mildly area of the earth. ferromagnesium silicates
Crust: thin layer at the surface Oxygen #1 element in crust, Silicon #2
total earth: Iron # 1 total, oxygen #2, silicon #3
just know genreally
1 billion yrs. : multi celled oxygen breathing
600 million : marine animals with shells
200 million : doinsaurs and mammals
100 million : birds
3 to 4 million : early man
Hypotheses : a concept formaulated to explain observations and data
Theory: generally accepted explanation for a set of data or observations.
hydrolic cycle: cycle of water through the earth
rock cycle: cycle of rocks through the earth, recyclying process
exponential growth: growth characterisized by a constant percantage increse per unit time
doubling time: the length of time required for a population to double in size.
carrying capacity: the earth's ability to sustain its population at healthy, moderately comfortable standard of living.
indtutrialisized countries: (like the US) use a disporpartionately large amount of the worlds resources, and
third world countries, india and china africa... have the largest population growth rates
avg world growth rate: 1.6 %
north america: 1.4%
south america: 1.7%
africa 2.8% fastest percentage wise
europe .02 % slowest, some parts actually negative
asia 1.6% accounts for the most people
oceania 1.5%
we live at the point where the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere meet.
problems with thinking of things in geologic terms: time, space, scale, and complexity
gravity caused the material of the early earth to compress, become hot, and melt
catastroshism: punctuates unifortisim: major climat shifts, floods, great erruptions....
uniformitarisim: what is happeing now is pterry similar to what happened in the past, change happens slowly. normalcy...
force/ gravity = M1 x M2 (times a constant) ... the universal gravitational constant
(distance)^squared
expontntial growth: (future pop.) = (present pop) x e^(rt)
doubling time = 70 / the growth rate
Social needs: Physical needs exponentially growing:
peace food pollution
security raw materials food production demand
education fules industry needed
employment ecological systems population
steady technological growth consumption of non renewable resources
Review Questions:
1
the planetary material formed into a disc differentiated outward from the sun with denser, high melting point materials closer to the center, and gaseous materials in the outer areas.
2
the solar system is believed to be approximately 4 & � billion years old. and the earliest remains of man known are 3 to four million years old. man is relatively young in a geological sense.
3
the newly formed earth was closer to being a liquid and lacked the presence of water in free form. the atmosphere was not yet formed and the planet was much hotter. CO2 dominated the air after the atmosphere formed
4
we can theorize about the composition of the earth's interior from information we have gained from the analyze of stars, meteorites, and geophysical data
5
water and gases released from compounds, CO2 replaced with O2 by plants
6
fact
scientific hypothesis
scientific theory
7
water moves through a cyclical process
8
population over load
resources
pollution
9
carrying capacity, standard of living. the world does not have the resources to maintain for the entire population, the standard of living found in the US
10
the world's population is currently 5.7 Billion and the growth rates have increased dramatically in the last few centuries
11
the doubling time for the world's population has been steadily decreasing and the present population is expected to double in about 60 years
12
Africa has the fastest growth rate and Asia has the largest numerical growth as a percentage of the world
13
Space colonization is not a feasible method of alleviating the world's resource problems